Spontaneous miscarriage and social support in predicting risks of depression and anxiety: a cohort study in UK Biobank.

BACKGROUND: It is still unclear whether social support can moderate the high risk of depression and anxiety due to spontaneous miscarriage. OBJECTIVE: This study prospectively investigated the associations of spontaneous miscarriage with risks of depression and anxiety and evaluated the interactions between spontaneous miscarriage and the degree of social support in relation to depression and anxiety risks. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 179000 participants with pregnancy experience and free of depression or anxiety at baseline from the UK Biobank were included. Spontaneous miscarriage was defined by self-report from participants at enrollment or by the ICD codes. The degree of social support was defined as the number of social support factors including living with a spouse or partner, participation in social activities and confiding. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the joint association between spontaneous miscarriage and social support on the risks of depression and anxiety. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 12.3 years, 4939 depression incidents and 5742 anxiety incidents were documented. After adjustment for covariates, compared with participants without a history of spontaneous miscarriage, hazard ratios (95% confidence interval, CI) for depression were 1.10 (1.02-1.19), 1.31 (1.14-1.50) and 1.40 (1.18-1.67) for participants with the number of spontaneous miscarriages of one, two, and three or more, respectively (P-trend <0.001). For anxiety, the HRs (95% CI) were 1.07 (1.00-1.15), 1.04 (0.90-1.19), and 1.21 (1.02-1.44), respectively (P-trend =0.01). Moreover，we found the risk of depression associated with a combination spontaneous miscarriages and low degree of social support in later life was greater than the addition of the risk associated with each individual factor, indicating significant interactions on an additive scale (P-interaction = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Spontaneous miscarriage is associated with higher risks of depression and anxiety and shows an additive interaction with the low degree of social support on the risk of depression.

Impact of co-substrate molecular weight on methane production potential, microbial community dynamics, and metabolic pathways in waste activated sludge anaerobic co-digestion.

Proteins and carbohydrates are important organics in waste activated sludge, and greatly affect methane production and microbial community composition in anaerobic digestion systems. Here, a series of co-substrates with different molecular weight were applied to investigate the interactions between microbial dynamics and the molecular weight of co-substrates. Biochemical methane production assays conducted in batch co-digesters showed that feeding high molecular weight protein and carbohydrate substrates resulted in higher methane yield and production rates. Moreover, high-molecular weight co-substrates increased the microbial diversity, enriched specific microbes including Longilinea, Anaerolineaceae, Syner-01, Methanothrix, promoted acidogenic and acetoclastic methanogenic pathways. Low-molecular weight co-substrates favored the growth of JGI-0000079-D21, Armatimonadota, Methanosarcina, Methanolinea, and improved hydrogenotrophic methanogenic pathway. Besides, Methanoregulaceae and Methanolinea were indicators of methane yield. This study firstly revealed the complex interactions between co-substrate molecular weight and microbial communities, and demonstrated the feasibility of adjusting co-substrate molecular weight to improve methane production process.

A Carbon-Caged Rhodamine Generating Nitrosoperoxycarbonate for Photoimmunotherapy.

Photoimmunotherapy is a promising cancer treatment modality. While potent 1-e- oxidative species are known to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), they are also associated with unspecific oxidation and collateral tissue damage. This difficulty may be addressed by post-generation radical reinforcement. Namely, non-oxidative radicals are first generated and subsequently activated into powerful oxidative radicals to induce ICD. Here, we developed a photo-triggered molecular donor (NPCD565) of nitrosoperoxycarbonate (ONOOCO2-), the first of its class to our knowledge, and further evaluated its feasibility for immunotherapy. Upon irradiation of NPCD565 by light within a broad spectral region from ultraviolet to red, ONOOCO2- is released along with a bright rhodamine dye (RD565), whose fluorescence is a reliable and convenient build-in reporter for the localization, kinetics, and dose of ONOOCO2- generation. Upon photolysis of NPCD565 in 4T1 cells, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) indicative of ICD were observed and confirmed to exhibit immunogenicity by induced maturation of dendritic cells. In vivo studies with a bilateral tumor-bearing mouse model showcased the potent tumor-killing capability of NPCD565 of the primary tumors and growth suppression of the distant tumors. This work unveils the potent immunogenicity of ONOOCO2-, and its donor (NPCD565) has broad potential for photo-immunotherapy of cancer.

Mechanism of muscle atrophy in a normal-weight rat model of type 2 diabetes established by using a soft-pellet diet.

Dietary factors such as food texture affect feeding behavior and energy metabolism, potentially causing obesity and type 2 diabetes. We previously found that rats fed soft pellets (SPs) were neither hyperphagic nor overweight but demonstrated glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and hyperplasia of pancreatic ß-cells. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of muscle atrophy in rats that had been fed SPs on a 3-h time-restricted feeding schedule for 24 weeks. As expected, the SP rats were normal weight; however, they developed insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and fat accumulation. In addition, skeletal muscles of SP rats were histologically atrophic and demonstrated disrupted insulin signaling. Furthermore, we learned that the muscle atrophy of the SP rats developed via the IL-6-STAT3-SOCS3 and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways. Our data show that the dietary habit of consuming soft foods can lead to not only glucose intolerance or insulin resistance but also muscle atrophy.

Smoking timing, genetic susceptibility and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: A cohort study from the UK Biobank.

AIM: To prospectively assess the association of smoking timing with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and examine whether smoking amount or genetic susceptibility might modify the relationship. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 294 815 participants without diabetes from the UK Biobank, including non-smokers and smokers with data on the time from waking to first cigarette, were included. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between smoking timing and the risk of incident T2D. RESULTS: During a median follow-up time of 12 years, a total of 9937 incident cases of T2D were documented. Compared with non-smokers, a shorter time from waking to first cigarette was significantly associated with a higher risk of incident T2D (P for trend < .001). In the fully adjusted model, the hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval) associated with smoking timing were 1.46 (1.17-1.81) for more than 2 hours, 1.51 (1.21-1.87) for 1-2 hours, 1.58 (1.34-1.85) for 30-60 minutes, 1.86 (1.57-2.21) for 5-15 minutes and 2.01 (1.60-2.54) for less than 5 minutes. We found that even among those who reported being light smokers, those with the shortest time from waking to first cigarette had a 105% higher risk of T2D with an HR of 2.05 (1.52-2.76), which was comparable with heavy smokers. The genetic risk score for T2D did not modify this association (P-interaction = .51). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that shorter time from waking to first cigarette is significantly associated with a higher risk of incident T2D.

Population dynamics and seasonal migration patterns of Spodoptera exigua in northern China based on 11 years of monitoring data.

Background: The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), is an important agricultural pest worldwide that has caused serious economic losses in the main crop-producing areas of China. To effectively monitor and control this pest, it is crucial to investigate its population dynamics and seasonal migration patterns in northern China. Methods: In this study, we monitored the population dynamics of S. exigua using sex pheromone traps in Shenyang, Liaoning Province from 2012 to 2022, combining these data with amigration trajectory simulation approach and synoptic weather analysis. Results: There were significant interannual and seasonal variations in the capture number of S. exigua, and the total number of S. exigua exceeded 2,000 individuals in 2018 and 2020. The highest and lowest numbers of S. exigua were trapped in September and May, accounting for 34.65% ± 6.81% and 0.11% ± 0.04% of the annual totals, respectively. The average occurrence period was 140.9 ± 9.34 days during 2012-2022. In addition, the biomass of S. exigua also increased significantly during these years. The simulated seasonal migration trajectories also revealed varying source regions in different months, primarily originated from Northeast China and East China. These unique insights into the migration patterns of S. exigua will contribute to a deeper understanding of its occurrence in northern China and provide a theoretical basis for regional monitoring, early warning, and the development of effective management strategies for long-range migratory pests.

Phonon Thermal Transport in UO_{2} via Self-Consistent Perturbation Theory.

Computing thermal transport from first-principles in UO_{2} is complicated due to the challenges associated with Mott physics. Here, we use irreducible derivative approaches to compute the cubic and quartic phonon interactions in UO_{2} from first principles, and we perform enhanced thermal transport computations by evaluating the phonon Green's function via self-consistent diagrammatic perturbation theory. Our predicted phonon lifetimes at T=600 K agree well with our inelastic neutron scattering measurements across the entire Brillouin zone, and our thermal conductivity predictions agree well with previous measurements. Both the changes due to thermal expansion and self-consistent contributions are nontrivial at high temperatures, though the effects tend to cancel, and interband transitions yield a substantial contribution.

One-step in-situ construction engineering of ZnO-Zn2SnO4 heterojunction for deeply photocatalytic oxidation of nitric oxide.

The generation of hazardous intermediates during the process of photocatalytic nitric oxide (NO) oxidation presents a tough issue. Herein, a one-step microwave strategy was employed to introduce oxygen vacancies (OVs) into zinc oxide-zinc stannate (ZnO-Zn2SnO4) heterojunction, resulting in an improvement in the photocatalytic efficiency for NO removal. The construction ZnO-Zn2SnO4 heterojunction with the OVs (ZSO-3) owns a significant contribution towards highly efficient electron transfer efficiency (99.7%), which renders ZSO-3 to exert a deep oxidation of NO-to-nitrate (NO3-) rather than NO-to-nitrite (NO2-) or NO-to-nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Based on the solid supports of experimental and simulated calculations, it can be found that OVs play an irreplaceable role in activating small molecules such as NO and O2. Moreover, the enhanced adsorption capacity of small molecules, which guarantees the high yield of active radical due to the formation of S-scheme heterojunction. This work illuminates a novel viewpoint on one-step in-situ route to prepare Zn2SnO4-based heterojunction photocatalyst with deep oxidation ability of NO-to-NO3-.

Titanium Self-Intercalation Induced Formation of Orthogonal (1 × 1) Edge/Surface Reconstruction in 1T-TiSe2: Atomic Scale Dynamics and Mechanistic Study.

Edges and surfaces play indispensable roles in affecting the chemical-physical properties of materials, particularly in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with reduced dimensionality. Herein, we report a novel edge/surface structure in multilayer 1T-TiSe2, i.e., the orthogonal (1 × 1) reconstruction, induced by the self-intercalation of Ti atoms into interlayer octahedral sites of the host TiSe2 at elevated temperature. Formation dynamics of the reconstructed edge/surface are captured at the atomic level by in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and further validated by density functional theory (DFT), which enables the proposal of the nucleation mechanism and two growth routes (zigzag and armchair). Via STEM-electron energy loss spectroscopy (STEM-EELS), a chemical shift of 0.6 eV in Ti L3,2 is observed in the reconstructed edge/surface, which is attributed to the change of the coordination number and lattice distortion. The present work provides insights to tailor the atomic/electronic structures and properties of 2D TMDC materials.

Degree of joint risk factor control and hazard of mortality in diabetes patients: a matched cohort study in UK Biobank.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes patients are at higher risk for mortality than the general population; however, little is known about whether the excess mortality risk associated with diabetes could be mitigated or nullified via controlling for risk factors. METHODS: We included 18,535 diabetes patients and 91,745 matched individuals without diabetes without baseline cancer or cardiovascular disease (CVD), followed up from 2006 to 2021. The main exposure was the number of optimized risk factors including glycated hemoglobin < 53 mmol/mole, systolic blood pressure < 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg, no albuminuria, non-current smoking and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) < 2.5 mmol/L. We used Cox proportional hazards models to explore the association of the degree of risk factor control with all-cause mortality, cancer mortality, CVD mortality and other mortality. RESULTS: Each additional risk factor control was associated with a 16, 10, 21 and 15% lower risk of all-cause mortality, cancer mortality, CVD mortality and other mortality, respectively. Optimal risk factors control (controlling 5 risk factors) was associated with a 50% (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.41-0.62), 74% (HR 0.26, 95% CI 0.16-0.43) and 38% (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.44-0.87) lower risk of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality and other mortality, respectively. Diabetes patients with 4, 3 and 5 or more controlled risk factors, respectively, showed no excess risk of all-cause mortality, cancer mortality and CVD mortality compared to matched non-diabetes patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study indicate that optimal risk factor control may eliminate diabetes-related excess risk of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality and other mortality.

Research on SPAD Estimation Model for Spring Wheat Booting Stage Based on Hyperspectral Analysis.

With the rapid progression of agricultural informatization technology, the methodologies of crop monitoring based on spectral technology are constantly upgraded. In order to carry out the efficient, precise and nondestructive detection of relative chlorophyll (SPAD) during the booting stage, we acquired hyperspectral reflectance data about spring wheat vertical distribution and adopted the fractional-order differential to transform the raw spectral data. After that, based on correlation analysis, fractional differential spectra and fractional differential spectral indices with strong correlation with SPAD were screened and fused. Then, the least-squares support vector machine (LSSSVM) and the least-squares support vector machine (SMA-LSSSVM) optimized on the slime mold algorithm were applied to construct the estimation models of SPAD, and the model accuracy was assessed to screen the optimal estimation models. The results showed that the 0.4 order fractional-order differential spectra had the highest correlation with SPAD, which was 9.3% higher than the maximum correlation coefficient of the original spectra; the constructed two-band differential spectral indices were more sensitive to SPAD than the single differential spectra, in which the correlation reached the highest level of 0.724. The SMA-LSSSVM model constructed based on the two-band fractional-order differential spectral indices was better than the single differential spectra and the integration of both, which realized the assessment of wheat SPAD.

[Medium and Long-term Carbon Emission Projections and Emission Reduction Potential Analysis of the Lingang Special Area Based on the LEAP Model].

Based on the existing statistical data of the Lingang Special Area in Shanghai and considering its future socio-economic development， industrial structure， and technological development， a LEAP-Lingang model was developed to analyze the evolution trends of energy demand and carbon emissions under the baseline scenario， low-carbon scenario， and enhanced low-carbon scenario. To enhance the prediction accuracy of the model， the Logistic population growth model was used to predict future population data， and the learning curve model was used to simulate the cost evolution trend of related carbon reduction technologies. In addition， an economic evaluation model for carbon reduction technologies was developed， and the economic costs and emission reduction potential of typical carbon reduction technologies were evaluated by drawing a marginal emission reduction cost curve. The results showed that under the enhanced low-carbon scenario， the renewable energy accounted for 69% of the primary energy consumption， and the electric energy accounted for 91% of the terminal energy demand in 2060. The Lingang Special Area could achieve carbon peak by 2030， and the carbon emissions in 2060 were predicted to decrease by 94% compared to that in the baseline scenario. In terms of contribution to emission reduction， clean energy substitution， industrial structure optimization， and terminal energy efficiency improvement played a key role in reducing carbon emissions near the port. In the medium term （until 2035）， they were predicted to contribute 35.1%， 27.3%， and 16.2% of carbon emissions， respectively， and in the long term （until 2060）， they should contribute 50.6%， 8.75%， and 7.7% of carbon emissions， respectively. Regarding specific carbon reduction technologies， hydrogen power generation； water electrolysis for hydrogen； and carbon capture， utilization， and storage （CCUS） technology were of great significance for achieving net-zero emissions， but the costs of emission reduction were relatively high. The research results can provide ideas and references for the low-carbon and green development of the Lingang Special Area and related areas.

Association of White Matter Hyperintensities with bone mineral density, incident fractures and falls in the UK biobank cohort.

Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease in the world, which increases the healthcare service burden. Recent studies have linked higher white matter hyperintensities (WMH) to reduced bone mineral density (BMD), increasing the risk of fractures and falls in older adults. However, limited evidence exists regarding the dose-response relationship between WMH and bone health in a larger and younger population. Our study aimed to examine the association of WMH volume with BMD, incident fractures and falls, with a particular focus on dose-response relationship with varying levels of WMH volume. We included 26 410 participants from the UK Biobank. The association between WMH volume and BMD was analyzed using multiple linear regression. Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios of incident fractures and falls. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) fitted for linear and Cox regression models were employed to explore potential non-linearity. Over a mean follow-up time of 3.8 years, we documented 59 hip fractures, 392 all fractures, and 375 fall incidents. When applying RCS, L-shaped relationships were identified between WMH volume and BMD across all 4 sites. Compared with those in the lowest fifth of WMH volume, the second to the highest fifths were associated with a reduction of 0.0102-0.0305 g/cm2 in femur neck BMD, 0.0075-0.0273 g/cm2 in femur troch BMD, 0.0173-0.0345 g/cm2 in lumbar spine BMD, and 0.0141-0.0339 g/cm2 in total body BMD. The association was more pronounced among women and younger participants under age 65 (Pinteraction < 0.05). Per 1 standard deviation increment of WMH volume was associated with 36.9%, 20.1%, and 14.3% higher risks of incident hip fractures, all fractures, and falls. Genetically determined WMH or APOE genotypes did not modify these associations. We demonstrated that a greater WMH was associated with BMD in a L-shaped dose-response manner, especially in women and those under 65 years.

Ready-to-Eat Food Environments and Risk of Incident Heart Failure: A Prospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Food environments have been linked to cardiovascular diseases; however, few studies have assessed the relationship between food environments and the risk of heart failure (HF). We aimed to evaluate the association between ready-to-eat food environments and incident HF at an individual level in a large prospective cohort. METHODS: Exposure to ready-to-eat food environments, comprising pubs or bars, restaurants or cafeterias, and fast-food outlets, were individually measured as both proximity and density metrics. We also developed a composite ready-to-eat food environment density score by summing the densities of 3 types of food environments. Cox proportional analyses were applied to assess the associations of each single type and the composite food environments with HF risk. RESULTS: Closer proximity to and greater density of ready-to-eat food environments, particularly for pubs and bars and fast-food outlets (P<0.05 for both proximity and density metric) were associated with an elevated risk of incident HF. Compared with those with no exposure to composite ready-to-eat food environments, participants in the highest density score category had a 16% (8%-25%; P<0.0001) higher risk of HF. In addition, we found significant interactions of food environments with education, urbanicity, and density of physical activity facilities on HF risk (all Pinteraction<0.05); the ready-to-eat food environments-associated risk of HF was stronger among participants who were poorly educated, living in urban areas, and without physical activity facilities. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to ready-to-eat food environments is associated with a higher risk of incident HF, suggesting the potential importance of minimizing unfavorable food environments in the prevention of HF.

Degree of Risk Factor Control and Incident Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients With Hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether joint risk factor control could reduce the excess risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with hypertension. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 75,293 patients with diagnosed hypertension from the UK Biobank study were included, matched with 256,619 nonhypertensive controls, and followed up until May 31, 2021. Seven risk factors were measured to define joint risk factor control, including blood pressure, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, albuminuria, smoking, and physical activity. RESULTS: Among hypertensive patients, 14% to 24% lower risks of CVD outcomes were associated with each additional risk factor control. In the Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted hazard ratios for patients with 6 or more risk factor controls compared with patients having 2 or less risk factor controls were 0.49 (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.55) for CVD, 0.51 (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.57) for coronary heart disease, 0.48 (95% CI, 0.38 to 0.60) for stroke, and 0.34 (95% CI, 0.26 to 0.44) for CVD mortality. The excess risks of CVD outcomes in patients with hypertension were diminished to nonsignificant or even lower compared with controls if achieving 6 or more risk factor controls. Men experienced stronger protective associations of joint risk factor control on risks of CVD than women (P<.001 for interaction). CONCLUSION: The joint risk factor control is associated with lower risks of CVD, and a high degree of risk factor control may considerably attenuate the excess risk of CVD among patients with hypertension.

Bacillus licheniformis ameliorates Aflatoxin B1-induced testicular damage by improving the gut-metabolism-testis axis.

Global aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination is inevitable, and it can significantly damage testicular development. However, the current mechanism is confusing. Here, by integrating the transcriptome, microbiome, and serum metabolome, we comprehensively explain the impact of AFB1 on testis from the gut-metabolism-testis axis. Transcriptome analysis suggested that AFB1 exposure directly causes abnormalities in testicular inflammation-related signalling, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathway, and proliferation-related signalling pathways, such as phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases-protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT) pathway, which was verified by immunofluorescence. On the other hand, we found that upregulated inflammatory factors in the intestine after AFB1 exposure were associated with intestinal microbial dysbiosis, especially the enrichment of Bacilli, and enrichment analysis showed that this may be related to NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)-mediated NOD-like receptor signalling. Also, AFB1 exposure caused blood metabolic disturbances, manifested as decreased hormone levels and increased oxidative stress. Significantly, B. licheniformis has remarkable AFB1 degradation efficiency (> 90%). B. licheniformis treatment is effective in attenuating gut-testis axis damage caused by AFB1 exposure through the above-mentioned signalling pathways. In conclusion, our findings indicate that AFB1 exposure disrupts testicular development through the gut-metabolism-testis axis, and B. licheniformis can effectively degrade AFB1.

Transcriptomic profiles of Mannheimia haemolytica planktonic and biofilm associated cells.

Mannheimia haemolytica is the principal agent contributing to bovine respiratory disease and can form biofilms with increased resistance to antibiotic treatment and host immune defenses. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying M. haemolytica biofilm formation, transcriptomic analyses were performed with mRNAs sequenced from planktonic and biofilm cultures of pathogenic serotypes 1 (St 1; strain D153) and St 6 (strain D174), and St 2 (strain D35). The three M. haemolytica serotypes were cultured in two different media, Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 and brain heart infusion (BHI) to form the biofilms. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that the functions of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in biofilm associated cells were not significantly affected by the two media. A total of 476 to 662 DEGs were identified between biofilm associated cells and planktonic cells cultured under BHI medium. Functional analysis of the DEGs indicated that those genes were significantly enriched in translation and many biosynthetic processes. There were 234 DEGs identified in St 1 and 6, but not in St 2. The functions of the DEGs included structural constituents of ribosomes, transmembrane proton transportation, proton channels, and proton-transporting ATP synthase. Potentially, some of the DEGs identified in this study provide insight into the design of new M. haemolytica vaccine candidates.

Circulating MicroRNA-19 and cardiovascular risk reduction in response to weight-loss diets.

OBJECTIVE: MicroRNA-19 (miR-19) plays a critical role in cardiac development and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examined whether change in circulating miR-19 was associated with change in CVD risk during weight loss. METHODS: This study included 509 participants with overweight or obesity from the 24-month weight-loss diet intervention study (the POUNDS Lost trial) and with available data on circulating miR-19a-3p and miR-19b-3p at baseline and 6 months. The primary outcome for this analysis was the change in atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk at 6 and 24 months, which estimates the 10-year probability of hard ASCVD events. Secondary outcomes were the changes in ASCVD risk score components. RESULTS: Circulating miR-19a-3p and miR-19b-3p levels significantly decreased during the initial 6-month dietary intervention period (P = 0.008, 0.0004, respectively). We found that a greater decrease in miR-19a-3p or miR-19b-3p was related to a greater reduction in ASCVD risk (ß[SE] = 0.33 [0.13], P = 0.01 for miR-19a-3p; ß[SE] = 0.3 [0.12], P = 0.017 for miR-19b-3p) over 6 months, independent of concurrent weight loss. Moreover, we found significant interactions between change in miR-19 and sleep disturbance on change in ASCVD risk over 24 months of intervention (P interaction = 0.01 and 0.008 for miR-19a-3p and miR-19b-3p, respectively). Participants with a greater decrease in miR-19 without sleep disturbance had a greater reduction of ASCVD risk than those with slight/moderate/great amounts of sleep disturbance. In addition, change in physical activity significantly modified the associations between change in miR-19 and change in ASCVD risk over 24 months (P interaction = 0.006 and 0.004 for miR-19a-3p and miR-19b-3p, respectively). A greater decrease in miR-19 was significantly associated with a greater reduction in ASCVD risk among participants with an increase in physical activity, while non-significant inverse associations were observed among those without an increase in physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, decreased circulating miR-19 levels during dietary weight-loss interventions were related to a significant reduction in ASCVD risk, and these associations were more evident in people with no sleep disturbance or increase in physical activity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00072995.

Sn(OTf)2-Catalyzed (3 + 2) Cycloaddition/Sulfur Rearrangement Reaction of Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Indoline-2-thiones.

The (3 + 2) cycloaddition/sulfur rearrangement reaction of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes bearing a single keto acceptor with indoline-2-thiones has been realized. Under the catalysis of Sn(OTf)2, a series of functionalized 3-indolyl-4,5-dihydrothiophenes were synthesized with moderate to excellent yields.

Effects of sodium arsenite exposure on behavior, ultrastructure and gene expression of brain in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Arsenic, a common metal-like substance, has been demonstrated to pose potential health hazards and induce behavioral changes in humans and rodents. However, the chronic neurotoxic effects of arsenic on aquatic animals are still not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of arsenic exposure on adult zebrafish by subjecting 3-month-old zebrafish to three different sodium arsenite water concentrations: 0 µg/L (control group), 50 µg/L, and 500 µg/L, over a period of 30 days. To assess the risk associated with arsenic exposure in the aquatic environment, behavior analysis, transmission electron microscopy techniques, and quantitative real-time PCR were employed. The behavior of adult zebrafish was evaluated using six distinct tests: the mirror biting test, shoaling test, novel tank test, social preference test, social recognition test, and T maze. Following the behavioral tests, the brains of zebrafish were dissected and collected for ultrastructural examination and gene expression analysis. The results revealed that sodium arsenite exposure led to a significant reduction in aggression, cohesion, social ability, social cognition ability, learning, and memory capacity of zebrafish. Furthermore, ultrastructure and genes regulating behavior in the zebrafish brain were adversely affected by sodium arsenite exposure.